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Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced

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Not to be confused with Joint Entrance Examination – Main.

Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced

Acronym	JEE Adv.
Type	computer-based
Developer / administrator	2019:IIT Roorkee 2020:IIT Delhi 2021:IIT Kharagpur
Knowledge / skills tested	Paper 1: Physics, Chemistryand Mathematics Paper 2: Physics, Chemistryand Mathematics
Purpose	Admission to undergraduate Engineering, Science and Architecture courses in 23 IITs
Year started	2012 (8 years ago)
Duration	3 hours for each paper
Offered	once a year
Restrictions on attempts	Maximum two attempts in consecutive years
Countries / regions	India
Languages	English and Hindi
Annual number of test takers	161319 (2019)[1]
Website	jeeadv.ac.in

Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced (JEE-Advanced), formerly the Indian Institutes of Technology-Joint Entrance Examination (IIT-JEE), is an academic examination held annually in India. It is conducted by one of the seven zonal IITs (IIT Roorkee, IIT Kharagpur, IIT Delhi, IIT Kanpur, IIT Bombay, IIT Madras, and IIT Guwahati) under the guidance of the Joint Admission Board (JAB). It is the sole prerequisite for admission to the Indian Institutes of Technology. Other universities like the Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE), Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISERs),

The Indian Institute of Science uses the score obtained on the JEE-Advanced exam as the basis for admission. The examination is organised each year by one of the IITs, on a round-robin rotation pattern. It has a very low qualification rate (about 9,369 in 479,651 in 2012; ~1.95%)^[2] The qualification rate of the JEE-Advanced in 2017 was approximately 0.92% (about 11,000 out of 1,200,000 who applied for JEE Main).^[3]

In 2013 the examination initially called the IIT-JEE was renamed to JEE (Advanced), and the AIEEE was renamed JEE (Main).^[4] From 2017, IIT began conducting the JEE internationally to allow the admission of foreign students.^[5]

Contents

• 1History
• 2Eligibility
• 3Organizing institute
• 4Seats
• 5Criticism
• 6Changes made in JEE (Advanced) in 2018
• 7Coaching
• 82020 revised schedule
• 9See also
• 10References

History[edit]

The first institute of IIT, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, started in 1951. In its initial years (1951-1954), students were admitted based on their academic results, followed by an interview in several locations across the country. From 1955–1959, admissions for the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur were conducted via a national examination. Academic disciplines were allotted to the students via interviews and counselling sessions held at Kharagpur.^{[citation needed]}

The IIT-JEE, initially called the Common Entrance Exam (CEE), was first conducted in 1961, coinciding with the 1961 IIT Act.^[6]

In 1978, the English paper was not considered when ranking participants' performance in the examination. In 1998, the English test was discontinued.

In 1997, the IIT-JEE was conducted twice after the question paper was leaked in some locations.

Between 2000 and 2005, an additional screening test was used alongside the main examination, intended to reduce pressure on the main examination by allowing only about 20,000 top candidates to appear for the examination, out of more than 450,000 applicants.

From 2002, an additional exam called the AIEEE was introduced, and it was used for admissions to institutions other than the IIT. In 2012, the AIEEE was changed to JEE (Main), and IIT-JEE was renamed JEE (Advanced); the JEE (Main) had become the screening exam for JEE (Advanced).

From June 2005, The Hindu newspaper led a campaign for reforming the IIT-JEE to eradicate the "coaching mania" and to improve gender and socio-economic diversity.^[7][8][9] Two possible solutions were proposed - either a convergence between the screening test and the All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE), or a two-tier examination. Whereas ranks from the first tier can be used to gain admission to the NIT and other engineering colleges in the country.

In September 2005, the group of directors of all the IITs announced significant revisions to the examination. These were implemented from 2006 onward.^[10] The revised examination consisted of a single objective test, replacing the earlier two-test system. In the revised examination, to be eligible for the main examination, candidates in the general category had to obtain at least 60% aggregate marks in the 12th-grade examinations organized by various educational boards of India, while candidates belonging to Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST), and Persons With Disabilities (PwD) categories needed a minimum score of 55%.

From 2006, the screening exam was abolished with the introduction of a single-stage multiple-choice exam that started in 2006. In 2008, the director and the dean of IIT Madras proposed further revisions to the examination, arguing that the coaching institutes were "enabling many among the less-than-best students to crack the test and keeping girls from qualifying". They expressed concern that the present system did not allow for applicants' 12 years of schooling to have a bearing on admissions into IIT.^[11]

In 2008, the Indian Institutes of Technology began offering their admission tests in Dubai.^[12] Annually, the number of candidates for the examination in Dubai varies between 200 and 220.^[13]

The two-tier reform suggested in 2005 may become a reality as the Indian government has announced plans for a single entrance exam for all engineering colleges from 2018, with students aspiring for the IITs having to pass the nationwide standard entrance test (JEE-Main) with high marks and then take the JEE-Advanced to qualify for the IITs.^[14] In 2018, the JEE (Advanced) exam started being conducted online.

Eligibility[edit]

The eligibility criteria for taking the JEE (Advanced) exam are:^[15]

• Candidates should rank among the top candidates in Paper-1 of JEE (Main), broken down per category. For example, for JEE (Advanced) 2019, the top 250,000 were eligible, but only 46.5% of those were open for all, the rest being reserved for special categories.
• Candidates should be less than 25 years of age, with five-year relaxation for SC, ST, and PwD candidates.
• Candidates can attempt examination at most two times in two consecutive years.
• Candidates should have qualified the Class XII Board Examination (or equivalent) in the previous year.
• Candidates should not have accepted admission in any of the IIT earlier.

In addition, candidates are required to either be within the category-wise top 20th percentile of successful candidates in the Class XII Board Examination or secure a 75% mark (65% for SC (scheduled castes), ST (scheduled tribes) and PwD (people with disabilities)).^[16]

Organizing institute[edit]

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This list shows the organizers of the JEE (Advanced) in recent years.

Year	Organizer
2006	IIT Kharagpur
2007	IIT Bombay
2008	IIT Roorkee
2009	IIT Guwahati
2010	IIT Madras
2011	IIT Kanpur
2012	IIT Delhi
2013	IIT Delhi
2014	IIT Kharagpur
2015	IIT Bombay
2016	IIT Guwahati
2017	IIT Madras
2018	IIT Kanpur
2019	IIT Roorkee
2020	IIT Delhi[17]
2021	IIT Kharagpur

Seats[edit]

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The number of students taking the examination increased substantially each year with over 485,000 candidates registering for JEE (Advanced) 2011 (an increase of 30,000 students (6.5%) from 2010^[18]). However, with the two stage JEE (Main) + JEE (Advanced) structure, the number of candidates in JEE (Advanced) is fixed at around 1.5 to 2 lakhs. The total seats available in each institute (seat Matrix) is summarised in table below, year wise.

Institute	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011[19]	2012	2013	2014	2015[20]	2016	2017	2018[21]	2019[22]	2020[23]
IIT Bhilai	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	120	120	127	143	183
IIT Bhubaneshwar	---	---	120	120	120	120	120	160	180	180	260	350	369	420	475
IIT Bombay	600	574	648	746	880	880	880	880	880	903	903	929	1026	1115	1360
IIT Delhi	552	553	626	721	851	851	851	851	851	851	851	851	910	1061	1209
IIT (ISM) Dhanbad	444	658	705	923	1012	1034	1034	1023	962	935	912	912	1007	952	1125
IIT Dharwad	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	120	120	126	137	170
IIT Gandhinagar	---	---	120	120	120	120	120	140	150	150	180	180	194	212	250
IIT Goa	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	90	90	97	150	157
IIT Guwahati	350	365	435	498	588	615	615	660	660	660	615	645	702	795	902
IIT Hyderabad	---	---	120	120	120	140	140	210	220	220	240	285	294	317	425
IIT Indore	---	---	---	120	120	120	120	120	120	120	260	260	275	294	360
IIT Jammu	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	90	120	154	213	237
IIT Jodhpur	---	---	120	120	120	160	160	200	160	120	160	180	247	352	490
IIT Kanpur	456	541	608	702	827	827	827	827	827	853	827	827	910	1016	1182
IIT Kharagpur	659	874	988	1138	1341	1341	1370	1341	1341	1341	1341	1341	1453	1603	1902
IIT Madras	554	540	612	713	838	838	838	838	838	838	838	838	877	967	1133
IIT Mandi	---	---	---	120	120	120	120	120	120	145	150	150	200	282	329
IIT Palakkad	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	120	120	120	163	181	188
IIT Patna	---	---	120	120	120	120	120	200	200	200	200	225	250	361	427
IIT Roorkee	546	746	884	1013	1155	1155	1155	1105	1065	1030	970	975	1043	1190	1353
IIT Ropar	---	---	120	120	120	120	120	120	120	130	155	260	309	346	370
IIT Tirupati	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	120	120	120	180	203	237
IIT (BHU) Varanasi	568	686	766	881	1057	1057	1057	1090	1090	1090	1090	1090	1167	1364	1589
Total	4583	5537	6992	8295	9509	9618	9647	9885	9784	10006	10572	10988	12080	13674	16053

In 2011, additional courses were introduced in the IITs. IIT Tirupati and IIT Palakkad were started in 2015 and four more institutes (IIT Bhilai, IIT Dharwad, IIT Goa, and IIT Jammu) opened in 2016. In 2018, to ensure minimum female enrollment of 14%, the IITs introduced "female-only" and "gender-neutral" seats based on 2017 enrollment statistics; and "super-numerary" seats were allocated per-institute and per-course to reach a 14% target. With these, and slight overall, seat increases, the total seat availability was over 12,000, including 801 "super-numerary female-only" seats. For 2019, with the partial rollout of a 10% EWS quota (without a reduction in non-reserved seats) and the increase of the female enrollment target to 17%, the total seats available went up to over 13,500, with over 1200 super-numerary female-only seats. In 2020, with the full rollout of the 10% EWS quota and a 20% female enrolment target, total available seats increased further to 16,053, with over 1500 super-numerary female-only seats.

Criticism[edit]

In 2012, Super 30 founder and mathematician Anand Kumar criticised the New Admission Norms, saying that the decision of the IITs' council to give a chance to students in the top 20% from various boards in the class 12 examinations was "a decision in haste". "This is one decision that will go against the poor, who don't have the opportunity to study in elite schools," he added.^[24]

The JEE is conducted only in English and Hindi; it has been criticized as being harder for students where regional languages, like Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Urdu, Oriya, Bengali, Marathi, Assameseor Gujarati, are more prominent. In September 2011, the Gujarat High Court acted on a Public Interest Litigation by the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad, demanding the examinations be conducted in Gujarati also.^[25] A second petition was made that October by Navsari's Sayaji Vaibhav Sarvajanik Pustakalaya Trust.^[26] Another petition was made at the Madras High Court for conducting the exam in Tamil. In the petition, it was claimed that not conducting the exam in the regional languages violates article 14 of the Constitution of India. PMK, a political party in Tamil Nadu, held a demonstration at Chennai for conducting the IIT-JEE and other national entrance exams in regional languages also, particularly Tamil in Tamil Nadu.^[27]

The Pattali Makkal Katchi party filed Public Interest Litigation in the Madras High Court to conduct the IIT JEE entrance exam in Tamil. They claimed that every year 763,000 students were completing grade 12 in Tamil Nadu, 75% of them from Tamil Medium. They had to take the entrance exam in English or Hindi, neither of which was their medium of instruction or their mother tongue, and so were denied their fundamental right to take the entrance exam in a language familiar to them.^[28][29] Shiv Sena urged the MHRD to conduct the IITJEE and other national undergraduate entrance exams in regional languages, particularly Marathi language in Maharashtra.^[30] In 2017, the supreme court ordered JAB to put a bar on the ongoing counseling process. There were three questions comprising a total of 11 marks that were unclear.

Changes made in JEE (Advanced) in 2018[edit]

There were several changes made to the exam in 2018. The Joint Admission Board (JAB) decided to conduct the entire exam online from 2018, hoping to reduce the chances of paper leak and make logistics and evaluation easier. It said that the online exam would neutralize the problem of misprinting.^[31]

Coaching[edit]

Preparation for the Joint Entrance Exam begins typically two years before students take the test. 90% of students who passed this exam attended coaching institutes, which had created a ₹232.61 billion industry with annual tuition of up to ₹1,17,338.^[32] These academies included tests multiple times a week, up to 200 students per class, and long hours, in addition to regular high school work. There were hundreds of academies across the country, and the most famous—in Kota, Rajasthan—attracted approximately 125,000 students each year.^[33] Coaching programs are major corporations, listed on the Indian stock market and also attracting tens of millions of rupees of investment from private equity firms.^[34] The high-pressure environments at these coaching institutes have been blamed for a significant number of suicides.^[35]

2020 revised schedule[edit]

The HRD minister of India, Ramesh Pokhriyal, has confirmed the 2020 dates for the JEE Mains and Advanced. The JEE Main exam was conducted from 01 to 06 September 2020. The JEE Advanced paper was held on 27 September.^[36]

See also[edit]

• Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
• Indian Science Engineering Eligibility Test
• Joint Management Entrance Test
• Joint Entrance Examination – Main

References[edit]

1. ^ JEE (Advanced) 2019 Result.
2. ^ https://www.iitk.ac.in/new/data/jee-report/JEE-2012%20Report.pdf
3. ^ "Bonus marks improved success rate in IIT entrance tests". The Hindu. 14 June 2017.
4. ^ "Combined JEE from next year". The Calcutta Telegraph. 29 May 2012.
5. ^ "IITs to hold entrance exam abroad for foreign students". The Hindu. 21 February 2016.
6. ^ Ashish K. Mishra and Shishir Prasad (22 February 2012). "IIT-JEE Will Be Missed".
7. ^ S.S. Vasan. Reforming the Joint Entrance Examination system.
8. ^ Editorial. Reforming JEE needs wider reach.
9. ^ National admission test called for.
10. ^ Indrani Dutta. New IIT-JEE format from 2006.
11. ^ D Suresh Kumar. JEE fails to get the best: IIT dons. The Times of India. 31 Jul 2008.
12. ^ "5 lakh aspirants to sit for IIT-JEE in 2012 - Times of India".
13. ^ "IITs hike number of examination centres for JEE - Times of India".
14. ^ Govt plans single entrance exam for all engineering colleges from 2018
15. ^ "Eligibility Criteria for Indian Nationals (Including PIO/OCI) for Appearing in JEE (Advanced) 2019". JEE (Advanced) Office, IIT Roorkee. Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
16. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)". JEE (Advanced) 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
17. ^ "IIT Delhi Announces JEE Advanced 2020 Date; Adds New Exam Centre In United States". NDTV.com.
18. ^ "Hyderabad boy tops IIT-JEE". sify.com. 25 May 2011. Archived from the original on 11 November 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
19. ^ "JEE 2011 Counseling Brochure" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2011. Retrieved 5 June2011.
20. ^ Results of JEE (Advanced) 2015.
21. ^ "JoSAA seat page". Archived from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
22. ^ "JoSAA seat matrix page". Archived from the originalon 1 August 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
23. ^ "JosAA Seat Matrix".
24. ^ "New format of IIT-JEE examination would go against the poor: Anand Kumar". The Times Of India. 27 June 2012.
25. ^ "Sahitya Parishad demands entrance tests in Gujarati - Times Of India". indiatimes.com. 21 September 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
26. ^ "Another PIL seeks entrance tests in Gujarati - Times Of India". indiatimes.com. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
27. ^ "Conduct IIT entrance test in Tamil also: PMK". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 5 March 2012.
28. ^ "Court notice on plea for entrance exams in Tamil". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 21 April 2012.
29. ^ "Plea to write IIT entrance in Tamil | Deccan Chronicle". deccanchronicle.com. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
30. ^ Khapre, Shubhangi (5 March 2011). "Shiv Sena demands IIT entrance test in regional languages". Mumbai: Daily News Analysis. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
31. ^ JEE Advanced exam completely online from 2018.
32. ^ "The IIT Entrance Exam".
33. ^ "Making capital of coaching".
34. ^ "Despite high suicide rate, IIT-JEE aspirants made a beeline for a seat in Kotas coaching institutes".
35. ^ "Why 57 Young Students Have Taken Their Lives In Kota". Huffington Post India.
36. ^ Nishtha Dabral (6 May 2020). "JEE Mains and NEET to be Conducted in July: HRD Minister Announces the Dates". Ecole Globale. Retrieved 6 May 2020.

SOURCES: WIKIPEDIA